Tag #bidirectional
157 papers:
EDM-2019-WangLWGB #automation- A Meta-Learning Augmented Bidirectional Transformer Model for Automatic Short Answer Grading (ZW0, ASL, AEW, PG, RGB).
Haskell-2019-PauwelsKDS - Bidirectional type class instances (KP, GK, MD, TS), pp. 30–43.
CIKM-2019-Gao0WL #interactive #network #recognition- Gate-based Bidirectional Interactive Decoding Network for Scene Text Recognition (YG, YC0, JW, HL), pp. 2273–2276.
CIKM-2019-SunLWPLOJ #named #recommendation- BERT4Rec: Sequential Recommendation with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer (FS, JL, JW, CP, XL, WO, PJ), pp. 1441–1450.
ECIR-p1-2019-GlavasV #retrieval #using- Zero-Shot Language Transfer for Cross-Lingual Sentence Retrieval Using Bidirectional Attention Model (GG, IV), pp. 523–538.
BX-2019-MayerC - A Bidirectional Krivine Evaluator (MM, RC), pp. 56–60.
BX-2019-WeidmannAFVSL #emoflon #incremental #model transformation- Incremental Bidirectional Model Transformation with eMoflon: : IBeX (NW, AA, LF, GV, AS, EL), pp. 45–55.
MoDELS-2019-ViscontiTHG #design #modelling- Model-Driven Design of City Spaces via Bidirectional Transformations (EV, CT, ZH, CG), pp. 45–55.
PLDI-2019-CicekQBG0 #relational #type checking- Bidirectional type checking for relational properties (EÇ, WQ, GB, MG, DG0), pp. 533–547.
POPL-2019-DunfieldK #morphism #polymorphism #rank- Sound and complete bidirectional typechecking for higher-rank polymorphism with existentials and indexed types (JD, NRK), p. 28.
ESOP-2019-XiaOW #source code- Composing Bidirectional Programs Monadically (LyX, DO, MW0), pp. 147–175.
ICSA-2018-CortellessaET #architecture #co-evolution #model transformation #modelling #petri net #uml- Availability-Driven Architectural Change Propagation Through Bidirectional Model Transformations Between UML and Petri Net Models (VC, RE, MT0), pp. 125–134.
AIIDE-2018-SummervilleMSOW #analysis #game studies #generative #named- Gemini: Bidirectional Generation and Analysis of Games via ASP (AS, CM, BS, JCO, NWF, MM), pp. 123–129.
KDD-2018-ShashikumarSCN #detection #network #using- Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation using Attention-based Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (SPS, AJS, GDC, SN), pp. 715–723.
ECMFA-2018-Stevens #question- Is Bidirectionality Important? (PS), pp. 1–11.
ECMFA-2018-YigitbasALG #editing #migration- Bidirectional Method Patterns for Language Editor Migration (EY, AA, EL, MG), pp. 97–114.
OOPSLA-2018-MayerKC #evaluation- Bidirectional evaluation with direct manipulation (MM, VK, RC), p. 28.
POPL-2018-KoH #axiom #programming- An axiomatic basis for bidirectional programming (HSK, ZH), p. 29.
ESEC-FSE-2018-HeH #model transformation- Putback-based bidirectional model transformations (XH, ZH), pp. 434–444.
ICSA-2017-PhamRGL #architecture- Bidirectional Mapping between Architecture Model and Code for Synchronization (VCP, AR, SG, SL), pp. 239–242.
ICML-2017-OsogamiKS #learning #modelling- Bidirectional Learning for Time-series Models with Hidden Units (TO, HK, TS), pp. 2711–2720.
KDD-2017-MaCZYSG #named #network #predict- Dipole: Diagnosis Prediction in Healthcare via Attention-based Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (FM, RC, JZ, QY, TS, JG0), pp. 1903–1911.
BX-2017-AnjorinDJKLW #benchmark #framework #metric- BenchmarX Reloaded: A Practical Benchmark Framework for Bidirectional Transformations (AA, ZD, FJ, HSK, EL, BW), pp. 15–30.
BX-2017-KinoshitaN #programming- Bidirectional Certified Programming (DK, KN), pp. 31–38.
ICMT-2017-HoWP #approach #named- BXE2E: A Bidirectional Transformation Approach for Medical Record Exchange (JH, JHW, MP), pp. 155–170.
MoDELS-2017-Stevens #in the large- Bidirectional Transformations in the Large (PS), pp. 1–11.
ECOOP-2017-HarkesV #composition- IceDust 2: Derived Bidirectional Relations and Calculation Strategy Composition (DH, EV), p. 29.
POPL-2017-OmarVHAH #calculus #editing #named- Hazelnut: a bidirectionally typed structure editor calculus (CO, IV, MH, JA, MAH), pp. 86–99.
ICML-2016-BornscheinSFB - Bidirectional Helmholtz Machines (JB, SS, AF, YB), pp. 2511–2519.
ICPR-2016-ChenQYJ #network- Face alignment with Cascaded Bidirectional LSTM Neural Networks (YC, JQ, JY0, ZJ), pp. 313–318.
ICPR-2016-MinematsuST #analysis- Background initialization based on bidirectional analysis and consensus voting (TM, AS, RiT), pp. 126–131.
BX-2016-DiskinEPC #formal method #model transformation #nondeterminism- Incorporating Uncertainty into Bidirectional Model Transformations and their Delta-Lens Formalization (ZD, RE, AP, KC), pp. 15–31.
BX-2016-KramerR #automation #model transformation- Automated Inversion of Attribute Mappings in Bidirectional Model Transformations (MEK, KR), pp. 61–76.
BX-2016-McKinna #approach- Bidirectional Transformations with Deltas: A Dependently Typed Approach (Talk Proposal) (JM), p. 14.
BX-2016-ZanLKH #library #named- Brul: A Putback-Based Bidirectional Transformation Library for Updatable Views (TZ, LL, HSK, ZH), pp. 77–89.
MoDELS-2016-BergmannDRV #collaboration #data access #modelling #using- Query-based access control for secure collaborative modeling using bidirectional transformations (GB, CD, IR, DV), pp. 351–361.
PEPM-2016-KoZH #named #programming- BiGUL: a formally verified core language for putback-based bidirectional programming (HSK, TZ, ZH), pp. 61–72.
SLE-2016-ZhuZK0SH #parsing- Parsing and reflective printing, bidirectionally (ZZ, YZ, HSK, PM, JS, ZH), pp. 2–14.
ICALP-v1-2015-DisserKL #scheduling- Scheduling Bidirectional Traffic on a Path (YD, MK, EL), pp. 406–418.
ICFP-2015-MatsudaW #lens #programming- Applicative bidirectional programming with lenses (KM, MW), pp. 62–74.
BX-2015-Abou-SalehMG #algebra #aspect-oriented- Coalgebraic Aspects of Bidirectional Computation (FAS, JM, JG), pp. 16–30.
BX-2015-CheneyGMS #towards- Towards a Principle of Least Surprise for Bidirectional Transformations (JC, JG, JM, PS), pp. 66–80.
BX-2015-HidakaBTM #analysis #approach #graph transformation- Trace-based Approach to Editability and Correspondence Analysis for Bidirectional Graph Transformations (SH, MB, QMT, KM), pp. 51–65.
SLE-2015-EramoPR #model transformation #nondeterminism- Managing uncertainty in bidirectional model transformations (RE, AP, GR), pp. 49–58.
FM-2014-HuPF #programming- Validity Checking of Putback Transformations in Bidirectional Programming (ZH, HP, SF), pp. 1–15.
IFL-2014-DomoszlaiLP14a #lens #parametricity- Parametric lenses: change notification for bidirectional lenses (LD, BL, RP), p. 9.
AMT-2014-EramoMPR #nondeterminism #towards- Towards Analysing Non-Determinism in Bidirectional Transformations (RE, RM, AP, GR), pp. 76–85.
AMT-2014-PoskittDPR #model transformation #towards- Towards Rigorously Faking Bidirectional Model Transformations (CMP, MD, RFP, AR), pp. 70–75.
BX-2014-BeineHWC #case study #database #evolution #scalability- Bidirectional Transformations in Database Evolution: A Case Study “At Scale” (MB, NH, JHW, AC), pp. 100–107.
BX-2014-GrohneLV #dependent type #formal method #semantics- Formalizing Semantic Bidirectionalization with Dependent Types (HG, AL, JV), pp. 75–81.
BX-2014-Wider #domain-specific language #implementation #model transformation #scala #transformation language- Implementing a Bidirectional Model Transformation Language as an Internal DSL in Scala (AW), pp. 63–70.
PEPM-2014-MartinsSFW #attribute grammar #generative #grammarware- Generating attribute grammar-based bidirectional transformations from rewrite rules (PM, JS, JPF, EVW), pp. 63–70.
PEPM-2014-PachecoHF #combinator #monad #programming- Monadic combinators for “Putback” style bidirectional programming (HP, ZH, SF), pp. 39–50.
PEPM-2014-WangN #revisited #semantics- Semantic bidirectionalization revisited (MW, SN), pp. 51–62.
PPDP-2014-FerreiraP #source code- Bidirectional Elaboration of Dependently Typed Programs (FF, BP), pp. 161–174.
PPDP-2014-PachecoZH #functional #named #xml- BiFluX: A Bidirectional Functional Update Language for XML (HP, TZ, ZH), pp. 147–158.
FASE-2014-Stevens #consistency #nondeterminism- Bidirectionally Tolerating Inconsistency: Partial Transformations (PS), pp. 32–46.
ICDAR-2013-Ul-HasanARSB #network #recognition- Offline Printed Urdu Nastaleeq Script Recognition with Bidirectional LSTM Networks (AUH, SBA, SFR, FS, TMB), pp. 1061–1065.
ICFP-2013-DunfieldK #morphism #polymorphism #rank- Complete and easy bidirectional typechecking for higher-rank polymorphism (JD, NRK), pp. 429–442.
CHI-2013-FarzanK #community #empirical #online #student #wiki- Wikipedia classroom experiment: bidirectional benefits of students’ engagement in online production communities (RF, REK), pp. 783–792.
BX-2013-EramoB #comprehension #graph grammar- Understanding bidirectional transformations with TGGs and JTL (RE, AB), pp. 37–56.
BX-2013-Wilson-KanamoriH #collaboration #development #framework- A Bidirectional Collaboration Framework for Bio-Model Development (JRWK, SH), pp. 111–128.
PEPM-2013-Hu #aspect-oriented #graph transformation- Practical aspects of bidirectional graph transformations (ZH), pp. 1–2.
PPDP-2013-LamoMRL #approach #declarative #graph #model transformation- A declarative and bidirectional model transformation approach based on graph co-spans (YL, FM, AR, JdL), pp. 1–12.
PPDP-2013-MatsudaW #approach #for free #problem #runtime- Bidirectionalization for free with runtime recording: or, a light-weight approach to the view-update problem (KM, MW), pp. 297–308.
FASE-2013-MacedoC #alloy #implementation #model transformation #qvt #using- Implementing QVT-R Bidirectional Model Transformations Using Alloy (NM, AC), pp. 297–311.
QoSA-2012-EramoCPT #architecture #model transformation #refactoring- Performance-driven architectural refactoring through bidirectional model transformations (RE, VC, AP, MT), pp. 55–60.
PODS-2012-Pierce #tutorial- Linguistic foundations for bidirectional transformations: invited tutorial (BCP), pp. 61–64.
DLT-2012-GiambrunoMNS #finite- A Generalization of Girod’s Bidirectional Decoding Method to Codes with a Finite Deciphering Delay (LG, SM, JN, CS), pp. 471–476.
BX-2012-LambersHGO #graph grammar #model transformation- Attribute Handling for Bidirectional Model Transformations: The Triple Graph Grammar Case (LL, SH, HG, FO), pp. 84–99.
BX-2012-Stevens #set- Observations relating to the equivalences induced on model sets by bidirectional transformations (PS), pp. 100–115.
ECMFA-2012-LauderAVS #graph grammar #model transformation #precedence- Bidirectional Model Transformation with Precedence Triple Graph Grammars (ML, AA, GV, AS), pp. 287–302.
ICMT-2012-CunhaFMPS #modelling #spreadsheet- Bidirectional Transformation of Model-Driven Spreadsheets (JC, JPF, JM, HP, JS), pp. 105–120.
ICMT-2012-PachecoC #model transformation #multi #named #transformation language #xml- Multifocal: A Strategic Bidirectional Transformation Language for XML Schemas (HP, AC), pp. 89–104.
ICMT-2012-TerwilligerCC #framework #how #incremental #towards- How Clean Is Your Sandbox? — Towards a Unified Theoretical Framework for Incremental Bidirectional Transformations (JFT, AC, CC), pp. 1–23.
PEPM-2012-Voigtlander #induction #synthesis- Ideas for connecting inductive program synthesis and bidirectionalization (JV), pp. 39–42.
ICSE-2012-CunhaFMS12a #modelling #spreadsheet- A bidirectional model-driven spreadsheet environment (JC, JPF, JM, JS), pp. 1443–1444.
ICSE-2012-YuLHHKM #invariant #maintenance #traceability- Maintaining invariant traceability through bidirectional transformations (YY, YL, ZH, SH, HK, LM), pp. 540–550.
LDTA-2012-Voigtlander #programming language- Programming language approaches to bidirectional transformation (JV), p. 1.
SLE-2012-AnjorinSRS #framework #platform- A Framework for Bidirectional Model-to-Platform Transformations (AA, KS, SR, AS), pp. 124–143.
ICFP-2011-WangGW #incremental #performance- Incremental updates for efficient bidirectional transformations (MW, JG, NW), pp. 392–403.
CSCW-2011-BednarikSP #collaboration- Bidirectional gaze in remote computer mediated collaboration: setup and initial results from pair-programming (RB, AS, SP), pp. 597–600.
CIKM-2011-YuKL #approach #bottom-up #information management #top-down #towards- Towards a top-down and bottom-up bidirectional approach to joint information extraction (XY, IK, MRL), pp. 847–856.
ICMT-J-2010-DiskinXC11 #model transformation #symmetry- From State- to Delta-Based Bidirectional Model Transformations: the Asymmetric Case (ZD, YX, KC), pp. 137–161.
BX-2011-Diskin1 #model transformation #weaving- From State- to Delta-Based Bidirectional Model Transformations: Unweaving Alignment and Update Propagation (ZD), p. 55.
BX-2011-Foster - Languages for Bidirectional Transformations (NF), p. 49.
BX-2011-Gibbons #programming #topic- HOT Topics in Bidirectional Programming (JG), p. 56.
BX-2011-Greenyer #model transformation #transformation language- Unified (Bidirectional) Transformation Language (JG), p. 58.
BX-2011-Hidaka #graph transformation #recursion- Bidirectional Graph Transformations based on Structural Recursion (SH), p. 59.
BX-2011-Hildebrandt #incremental- Incremental Bidirectional Model Synchronization (SH), p. 59.
BX-2011-Hu - Trace-based Bidirectionalization (ZH), p. 49.
BX-2011-Kindler1 #challenge- Some challenges of integrating bidirectional transformation technologies (EK), p. 61.
BX-2011-Kuester #development #towards- Towards Systematic Development of Bidirectional Transformations (JMK), p. 61.
BX-2011-Matsuda - Right Inverses in Bidirectionalization (KM), p. 61.
BX-2011-Paige - Bidirectional transformations and inter-modelling (RFP), p. 62.
BX-2011-Pierantonio - Bidirectional and change propagating transformations in MDE (AP), p. 63.
BX-2011-Terwilliger #database #research- Bidirectional Transformations in Database Research and Practice (JT), p. 50.
BX-2011-Voigtlaender - Complement-Based Bidirectionalization (JV), p. 49.
BX-2011-Voigtlaender1 #performance- Efficiency of Bidirectional Transformations (JV), p. 64.
ICMT-2011-SasanoHHIKN #atl #towards- Toward Bidirectionalization of ATL with GRoundTram (IS, ZH, SH, KI, HK, KN), pp. 138–151.
MoDELS-2011-DiskinXCEHO #model transformation #symmetry- From State- to Delta-Based Bidirectional Model Transformations: The Symmetric Case (ZD, YX, KC, HE, FH, FO), pp. 304–318.
PEPM-2011-PachecoC #lens #optimisation- Calculating with lenses: optimising bidirectional transformations (HP, AC), pp. 91–100.
ASE-2011-HidakaHIKN #framework #model transformation #named- GRoundTram: An integrated framework for developing well-behaved bidirectional model transformations (SH, ZH, KI, HK, KN), pp. 480–483.
GTTSE-2011-Terwilliger #adaptation #development #evolution #persistent- Bidirectional by Necessity: Data Persistence and Adaptability for Evolving Application Development (JFT), pp. 219–270.
SLE-2011-Wider #combinator #model transformation #scala #towards- Towards Combinators for Bidirectional Model Transformations in Scala (AW), pp. 367–377.
DAC-2011-TsaiZCH #fault tolerance #using- A fault-tolerant NoC scheme using bidirectional channel (WCT, DYZ, SJC, YHH), pp. 918–923.
ICFP-2010-HidakaHIKMN #graph transformation- Bidirectionalizing graph transformations (SH, ZH, KI, HK, KM, KN), pp. 205–216.
ICFP-2010-VoigtlanderHMW #semantics- Combining syntactic and semantic bidirectionalization (JV, ZH, KM, MW), pp. 181–192.
ICMT-2010-DiskinXC #model transformation- From State- to Delta-Based Bidirectional Model Transformations (ZD, YX, KC), pp. 61–76.
SLE-2010-CicchettiREP #model transformation #named #transformation language- JTL: A Bidirectional and Change Propagating Transformation Language (AC, DDR, RE, AP), pp. 183–202.
CIKM-2009-ZhangJZZ #detection- Exploiting bidirectional links: making spamming detection easier (YZ, QJ, LZ, YZ), pp. 1839–1842.
ICMT-2009-CzarneckiFHLST #perspective- Bidirectional Transformations: A Cross-Discipline Perspective (KC, JNF, ZH, RL, AS, JFT), pp. 260–283.
ICMT-2009-Pierce #programming- Foundations for Bidirectional Programming (BCP), pp. 1–3.
ICMT-2009-XiongSHT #model transformation #parallel- Supporting Parallel Updates with Bidirectional Model Transformations (YX, HS, ZH, MT), pp. 213–228.
PEPM-2009-FradeSU #analysis #data flow- Bidirectional data-flow analyses, type-systematically (MJF, AS, TU), pp. 141–150.
POPL-2009-Voigtlander #exclamation #for free- Bidirectionalization for free! (Pearl) (JV), pp. 165–176.
ICGT-2008-Stevens #algebra #towards- Towards an Algebraic Theory of Bidirectional Transformations (PS), pp. 1–17.
BX-2008-Czarnecki1 #modelling- Bidirectional Transformations for Framework-Specific Modeling Languages (KC), p. 45.
BX-2008-Hidaka1 #graph transformation #using- Bidirectional Graph Transformation using UnCAL (SH), p. 43.
BX-2008-Matsuda1 #source code- Bidirectionalization of Programs with Duplication through Complement Function Derivation (KM), p. 40.
BX-2008-Voigtlaender1 #theorem- Free Theorems and Bidirectional Transformations (JV), p. 30.
BX-2008-Wang1 #abstraction- Translucent Abstraction: Safe Views Through Bidirectional Transformations (MW), p. 41.
MoDELS-2008-Diskin #algebra #modelling- Algebraic Models for Bidirectional Model Synchronization (ZD), pp. 21–36.
MoDELS-2008-Diskin #algebra #modelling- Algebraic Models for Bidirectional Model Synchronization (ZD), pp. 21–36.
ICFP-2007-MatsudaHNHT #automation- Bidirectionalization transformation based on automatic derivation of view complement functions (KM, ZH, KN, MH, MT), pp. 47–58.
MoDELS-2007-Stevens #model transformation #qvt #semantics- Bidirectional Model Transformations in QVT: Semantic Issues and Open Questions (PS), pp. 1–15.
MoDELS-2007-Stevens #model transformation #qvt #semantics- Bidirectional Model Transformations in QVT: Semantic Issues and Open Questions (PS), pp. 1–15.
PEPM-2007-LiuHT #xquery- Bidirectional interpretation of XQuery (DL, ZH, MT), pp. 21–30.
GTTSE-2007-Stevens #model transformation- A Landscape of Bidirectional Model Transformations (PS), pp. 408–424.
COCV-2007-FangS #compilation #generative #java #using- Generating Java Compiler Optimizers Using Bidirectional CTL (LF, MS), pp. 49–63.
FASE-2007-EhrigEEHT #model transformation- Information Preserving Bidirectional Model Transformations (HE, KE, CE, FH, GT), pp. 72–86.
CADE-2007-HeilalaP #logic- Bidirectional Decision Procedures for the Intuitionistic Propositional Modal Logic IS4 (SH, BP), pp. 116–131.
ICFP-2006-KawanakaH #model transformation #named #transformation language #xml- biXid: a bidirectional transformation language for XML (SK, HH), pp. 201–214.
ICPR-v1-2006-Ueshiba #implementation #performance #realtime- An Efficient Implementation Technique of Bidirectional Matching for Real-time Trinocular Stereo Vision (TU), pp. 1076–1079.
ICPR-v2-2006-QiaoY06a #image #multi #using- Recover Writing Trajectory from Multiple Stroked Image Using Bidirectional Dynamic Search (YQ, MY), pp. 970–973.
SIGIR-2006-WangO #information retrieval- Combining bidirectional translation and synonymy for cross-language information retrieval (JW, DWO), pp. 202–209.
VLDB-2005-KacholiaPCSDK #database #graph #keyword- Bidirectional Expansion For Keyword Search on Graph Databases (VK, SP, SC, SS, RD, HK), pp. 505–516.
ECMDA-FA-2005-ChiversP #named- XRound: Bidirectional Transformations and Unifications Via a Reversible Template Language (HC, RFP), pp. 205–219.
ICPR-v1-2004-FilipH #synthesis- Non-linear Reflectance Model for Bidirectional Texture Function Synthesis (JF, MH), pp. 80–83.
ICPR-v4-2004-ChenC04a #dependence #learning #network- Improvement of Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network for Learning Long-Term Dependencies (JC, NSC), pp. 593–596.
PEPM-2004-HuMT #documentation #editing #programmable- A programmable editor for developing structured documents based on bidirectional transformations (ZH, SCM, MT), pp. 178–189.
POPL-2004-DunfieldP - Tridirectional typechecking (JD, FP), pp. 281–292.
DAC-2003-GhoneimaI - Optimum positioning of interleaved repeaters In bidirectional buses (MG, YII), pp. 586–591.
CIAA-2002-AlonsoDF #automaton- Tabulation of Bidirectional Push Down Automata (MAA, VJD, MVF), pp. 35–46.
CAV-2002-ChakrabartiAHM #component #interface- Synchronous and Bidirectional Component Interfaces (AC, LdA, TAH, FYCM), pp. 414–427.
ICPR-v3-2000-WerthS #correlation #framework #novel #refinement- A Novel Bidirectional Framework for Control and Refinement of Area Based Correlation Techniques (PW, SS), pp. 3738–3741.
PLDI-2000-Boothe #algorithm #debugging #performance- Efficient algorithms for bidirectional debugging (BB), pp. 299–310.
DLT-1999-AndreiK #linear #parsing- Bidirectional parsing for linear languages (SA, MK), pp. 257–269.
ICPR-1998-MaruyamaAN #recognition #synthesis- Face recognition by bidirectional view synthesis (MM, SA, YN), pp. 157–159.
SAS-1998-Ruthing #analysis #data flow- Bidirectional Data Flow Analysis in Code Motion: Myth and Reality (OR), pp. 1–16.
DLT-1995-Nederhof #automaton #parsing- Reversible Pushdown Automata and Bidirectional Parsing (MJN), pp. 472–481.
OOPSLA-1995-Myers #compilation #layout- Bidirectional Object Layout for Separate Compilation (ACM), pp. 124–139.
HCI-SHI-1993-KurokawaMW #communication #people- Bidirectional Translation between Sign Language and Japanese for Communication with Deaf-Mute People (TK, TM, SW), pp. 1109–1114.
POPL-1993-DhamdhereK #analysis #complexity #data flow- Complexity of Bidirectional Data Flow Analysis (DMD, UPK), pp. 397–408.
SAC-1993-KulkarniY #image- Generalized Bidirectional Associative Memories for Image Processing (ADK, IY), pp. 373–379.
ICALP-1985-LubyR #algorithm #behaviour- A Bidirectional Shortest-Path Algorithm With Good Average-Case Behavior (ML, PR), pp. 394–403.
DAC-1983-OgiharaMTKF #design #generative #testing- Test generation for scan design circuits with tri-state modules and bidirectional terminals (TO, SM, YT, KK, HF), pp. 71–78.